10 Nyore PowerShell Inorayira Vese Vanoshandisa Windows Vanofanira Kuziva

PowerShell inokupa kutonga kwese kwaunoda pamusoro peWindows PC yako, uye zviri nyore kudzidza. Saka ramba Raira Prompt uye shandisa Windows PowerShell mirairo kuita otomatiki iwo anodzokororwa ekutonga mabasa. 

Kudzidza PowerShell kunokudzidzisawo maitiro ekubata zvakanyanya Linux mabasa ekutonga mukati me bash shell. PowerShell yakafanana nezvaunowana mune zvakanyanya Linux Distros. 

Chii chinonzi PowerShell?

Windows PowerShell inzira yekuraira-mutsara uye mutauro wekunyora wakagadziridzwa neMicrosoft kune masystem administrator. Asi haufanirwe kuve admin kana programmer kuti uishandise nekuti iri nyore kupfuura mimwe mitauro yekuronga. Zvakafanana neChirungu chenguva dzose, uye munhu wese anogona kuchinzwisisa uye nekuchishandisa kutungamira makomputa avo.

Iyo mirairo inoshandiswa muWindows PowerShell inozivikanwa se "cmdlets." Vachakurega iwe uchimisikidza chimwe chiitiko, kana nhevedzano yezviito, pakombuta yako. Zviito izvi zvinogona kuve nyore, sekupinda mune isina waya network, kana zvakanyanya kuomarara, sekuita otomatiki chaiwo anodzokorodza mabasa. 

Kuti uvhure PowerShell, tinya iyo kutanga bhatani, nyora "powershell” mubhokisi rekutsvaga, wosarudza Windows PowerShell. Iwe unozovhura kune yekuraira-mutsara interface, kwaunenge wagadzirira kutanga kutaipa mirairo.

Muchikamu chino, tichaenda pamusoro pegumi eanonyanya kubatsira uye ari nyore PowerShell mirairo.

1. Wana-Rubatsiro

Iyo Get-Rubatsiro cmdlet inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga muPowerShell. Inopa mhedziso yezvaunogona kuita uye zvakare yakakura kana iwe uchida rumwe ruzivo pane imwe cmdlet. 

Ingovhura iyo PowerShell hwindo uye nyora Wana-Rubatsiro. Izvi zvinovhura ongororo yakazara iyo inokudzidzisa kuti PowerShell chii, uye iwe uchanzwisisa mashandiro ayo uye chimiro. Iwe zvakare unokwanisa kuwana iyo webhu kune mamwe mafaera epamusoro ekubatsira zvakananga kuburikidza neiyo interface. Unogona kudhaunirodha mafaera aya kuti uashandise gare gare. 

Asi handiko kupera kwegwaro rerubatsiro. Type: 

Wana-Rubatsiro* 

PowerShell inonyora ese macmdlets aunogona kushandisa panguva iyoyo. Rondedzero yacho ingangove yakakura, uye haufanire kudzidza ese akaratidzwa cmdlets. Asi inzwa wakasununguka kuzviverenga uye kuongorora zvese zvingangowanikwa kwauri.

Type:

Wana-Rubatsiro

Iwe haudi mabhuraketi, ingo nyora zita remurairo wauri kufarira, uye iyi cmdlet inokupa ruzivo rwekutanga nezvayo. Kuti uwane tsananguro yakadzama yemurairo, nyora:

Wana-Rubatsiro -Yakazara

Kana iwe uchida muenzaniso wemashandisiro eimwe rudzi rwekuraira:

Wana-Rubatsiro -Muenzaniso

2. Get-Command

Iwe unoda kudzoreredza ruzivo nezve yakatarwa murairo, kana seti yemirairo, nekukurumidza? Iyo Get-Command cmdlet ichakuitira izvozvo. Pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa mukati meGet-Command, asi iwe, semushandisi wekutanga wePowerShell, haudi mazhinji acho. Heano mamwe ekutanga cmdlets anozobatsira, kunyanya kana uchifambisa mirairo iripo.

Kana iwe uchida runyorwa rwemacmdlets chaiwo emhando imwechete:

Tora-Command -

Semuyenzaniso, uyu mutsara wakaoma ucharaira komputa yako kuratidza runyoro rweese cmdlet mhando mirairo iripo uye kurongedza nearufabheti yezita muzita ravo:

Tora-Command -Type Cmdlet | Sort-Object -Property Noun| Format-Table -GroupBy Noun

Uyu muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo wemurairo wakaoma uchaita kuti PowerShell iite basa rakaoma. Kana uchinge wanzwisisa syntax, uchaona kuti kushandisa PowerShell kunowanzo kukurumidza uye kuri nyore kuita kuti zvimwe zvinhu zviitwe pakombuta yako.

Kana iwe uchida kuwana chaiyo murairo nezita rayo, ingonyora:

Get-Command -Zita

Kana iwe usingazive zita chairo remurairo wauri kutsvaga, asi iwe unoziva chikamu chezita, unogona kunyora: 

Get-Command -Zita -ShandisaFuzzyMatching

Iyi cmdlet ichaita basa komputa yako kuti iwane mirairo inonyatsoenderana nezvawakanyora mu munda. Iwe zvakare unogona kushandisa iyi cmdlet kana iwe uchiwanzotadza kuperetera uye usingade kunetswa nekuzvigadzirisa nguva dzese.

3. Wana-Kugutsikana

Kana iwe uchida kuona zviri mufaira, shandisa Get-Content cmdlet. Iwe unozofanirwa kudoma chaiyo nzvimbo yefaira rataurwa kuti komputa yako iriwane.

Mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro, iwe unogona kuona zviri mukati meye test text file yakagadzirirwa chinangwa ichi. Uyu murairo wakatwasuka, asi kana uchiziva zvazvinoita, unogona kuzvisanganisa nemimwe mirairo uye kuita mabasa ane simba chaizvo kuburikidza neWindows PowerShell.

4. Get-Process

Iyo Get-Process cmdlet inokupa ruzivo pane parizvino ari kuita maitiro pakombuta yako. Iwe unogona kuona kushandiswa kwendangariro, CPU kutenderera, process ID, uye humwe hunhu. 

Kana iwe ukawedzera zita rekuita kune iyi cmdlet, unogona kuona ruzivo pane imwe nzira. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida ruzivo nezve Discord application process, ingo nyora Get-Process Discord.

Iwe unogona kutanga kana kumisa maitiro kuburikidza nePowerShell nekungotsiva iyo "Tora" prefix ye syntax. Kuti utange chirongwa, nyora:

Kutanga-Kuita  

Kuti umise maitiro, nyora:

Stop-Process

5. Wana-Sevhisi

Semutongi wehurongwa, unogona kuwana iyo Get-Service cmdlet inobatsira kwazvo. Iyi cmdlet iri nyore icharatidza ese masevhisi ari kushanda pane yako system uye anokubvumidza kuti uvadzore. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kuona ese mapurogiramu ari kushanda kuti komputa yako ishande. 

Iye zvino unogona kushandisa zita rebasa kuti ridzore. Shandisa mirairo yakadai Restart-Sevhisi kusunungura dzakaomeswa nechando, Stop-Sevhisi kuvamisa zvachose, uye Kutanga-Sevhisi kuvatanga zvakare.

6. Tora-Item

Kana iwe uchida chimwe chinhu, chinogona kukurumidza kuchiwana kuburikidza nePowerShell pane kushandisa bhaa yekutsvaga yakabatanidzwa mune yako yekushandisa system. Zvinonyanya nyore kana iwe uchiziva nzvimbo yefaira yaunoda. Ingoshandisa murairo nenzira iyi:

Tora-Chinhu C:

Izvi zvichakuunzira rondedzero yemafaira mu "C:" hard drive. Iwe unogona kuve wakanyanya kujeka uye kutsvaga mune ese madhairekitori pasi pemushandisi chimiro kana kupinda zvakadzika mu "magwaro" kana "kurodha" madhairekitori. Kuti uite izvi, nyora:

Tora-Tem C: vashandisi *

Kana iwe uchida kutora chinhu chemwana kubva mumudziyo, senge system directory, unogona kushandisa cmdlet Tora-MwanaChinhu. Uyu murairo unokuratidza mafaera ese nemadhairekitori mukati memudziyo iwoyo. Sezvineiwo neGet-Item cmdlet, iwe unozofanirwa kutsanangura nzira yemudziyo.

Kudzima zvinhu, unogona kutsiva "Tora" suffix ne "Bvisa." Izvi zvinokutendera kuti udzime zvese, kubva mafaera uye maforodha kuenda kune registry kiyi uye mabasa. Type Bvisa-Item. Iwe unogona kutsanangura iyi cmdlet uye kudzima chete zvakavanzika uye "kuverenga-chete" mafaera kana kudzima zvinhu kubva kune chaiwo maforodha uye maforodha madiki.

7. ConvertTo-Html

Murairo uyu uchakubatsira kushandura chinhu che.NET kuita faira reHTML rinogona kuratidzwa mumabhurawuza eWebhu. Ichi ndicho chinobuda cmdlet zvinoreva kuti inoshanda zvikuru nemamwe cmdlets. Ingoiwedzera kumagumo emamwe cmdlets uye sanganisira yakatarwa faira nzira. 

Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kugadzira HTML faira rinoratidza zita, nzira, uye kambani yezvese maitiro ekombuta yemuno, nyora: 

Get-Process | ConvertTo-Html -Property Name, Path, Company -Title "Process Information" | Out-File filename.htm

Tsiva filename.htm nechero zita refaira raunoda.

Kuvhura iyo yakagadzirwa faira, shandisa iyo Invoke-Item cmdlet ndinoiitawo . Zviri mukati zvinofanirwa kutaridzika senge mufananidzo uri pazasi.

8. Set-Executionpolicy

Kana iwe uchida kumhanya emuno PowerShell zvinyorwa, iwe uchafanirwa kushandura mutemo wekuuraya wePowerShell pachayo. Pamakomputa eWindows, mutemo wekuuraya unogara wakaganhurirwa, uye unozofanirwa kuchichinja kuti ive RemoteSigned kana Kusadzorwa. Pamakomputa asiri eWindows akadai seLinux kana Mac, anowanzo kuisirwa Kusina Kurambidzwa, uye haigone kuchinjwa. 

Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve PowerShell execution policy, ingonyora:

batsira Set-ExecutionPolicy

Iyo PowerShell icharatidza mafaera ekubatsira nezve kuuraya mutemo pakombuta yako kana kukuzivisa iwe kana pasina. Asi inokupawo chinongedzo chaunogona kutevera uye kuverenga nezvacho online.

Kuisa mutemo kuRemoteSigned, ingonyora:

Set-Executionpolicy RemoteSigned

Kuiisa kuUnrestricted type:

Set-Executionpolicy isina Kurambidzwa

Kuti utarise marongero azvino emutemo wekuita, nyora: 

Get-Executionpolicy

Nekuti marongero ekuuraya ari chikamu chePowerShell's chengetedzo nzira, ichakubvunza iwe kuti usimbise shanduko. Type Y chete kana uine chokwadi chekuti unoda kuenderera mberi.

9. Sarudza-Chinhu

Uyu murairo unoshandiswa kusarudza zvinhu uye seti yezvinhu, zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye zvinhu zviri munzvimbo yakati muhurongwa. Pane maparameter akasiyana aunogona kushandisa kudoma zvinhu zvaunoda kusarudza. Pakati pazvo pane zvivakwa, nhamba dzenhamba, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekupinza. 

Kuti usarudze zvinhu nehunhu hwepfuma, iwe unozofanirwa kudoma hunhu hwakadai sezita, ID, kana CPU. Unogona kuunganidza hunhu, asi unofanira kuzviparadzanisa nemakoma kana uchinyora murairo. Kuona iyo Sarudza-Chinhu cmdlet murudzi rwekuita:

Get-Process | Sarudza-Chinhu -Property ProcessName, Id, CPU

Iyo PowerShell inonyora zvese zvazvino maitiro uye hunhu hwavo, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.

Iwe unogona ikozvino kushandisa iyo -EpandProperty command kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama nezve chaiyo hunhu. Kana iwe uchida ruzivo nezve maModules pfuma yeProcessName chimiro chemhando:

Tora-Chiitiko Chrome | Sarudza-Chinhu -Property ProcessName -ExpandProperty Modules | Format-list

Iyo "Format-list" inobuda yekuraira iripo kuita kuti mibairo igadzirwe uye iverengeke.

10. Export-CSV

Dzimwe nguva iyo PowerShell mirairo inoguma mune refu runyorwa, sezvatakaona neiyo Get-Command cmdlet. Mazita marefu uye ruzivo rwakawanda zvakaoma kuverenga, uye iwe unozochida nenzira yakarongeka. Kuti uite izvi, tumira kunze data rese mu CSV faira. Iwe unogona kuita izvi zvakananga muPowerShell uchishandisa iyo Export-CSV basa.

Semuenzaniso, takaona kuti cmdlet Get-Command inotipa runyoro rurefu rweese aripo cmdlets atinogona kushandisa muPowerShell panguva iyoyo. Unogona kusanganisa Get-Command uye Export-CSV kugadzira rondedzero ine comma-yakapatsanurwa makoshero akadai sezita, kwainobva, uye vhezheni iyo maapplication akaita seExcel anogona kuziva. 

Kuti uite izvi, nyora murairo unotevera muPowerShell command prompt asi cherechedza kuti unogona kuseta chero nzira yaunoda, uye unogona kutumidza faira rako zvakasiyana:

Get-Command | Sarudza Zita, Kwakabva, Shanduro | export-csv D:AllCommands.csv

Iwe unogona ikozvino kuvhura rondedzero muExcel, uye iwe unofanirwa kuona chimwe chinhu chakafanana nemufananidzo unotevera.